Top-level Research Initiative http://www.toppforskningsinitiativet.org daily 1 2009-10-22T13:47:59Z Effect studies and adaptation to climate change http://www.toppforskningsinitiativet.org/en/programmer-1/program-1 Knowledge about the effects of climate change, the adaptation needs of the society and how climate change might also open for possibilities for Norden. No publisher grossnes 2009-10-26T10:25:48Z Folder Interaction between climate change and the cryosphere http://www.toppforskningsinitiativet.org/en/programmer-1/program-2 Ice covered areas serve as sensitive indicators of climate change. Changes in pools and flows act as feedbacks on climate change. Direct and indirect impacts on industry and communities in the Nordic countries and world-wide are foreseen. These are strong reasons to understand the underlying mechanisms of the dynamic cryosphere. No publisher grossnes 2009-10-26T10:25:56Z Folder Energy efficiency with nanotechnology http://www.toppforskningsinitiativet.org/en/programmer-1/program-3 Basic research and innovation within nanotechnology will be connected to various market oriented energy technology solutions for improving energy efficiency. The main issue is how to develop the best materials by using unique Nordic know-how. No publisher admin 2009-10-26T10:26:17Z Folder Integration of large-scale wind power http://www.toppforskningsinitiativet.org/en/programmer-1/program-4 The Nordic countries and the EU have ambitious plans for further development of wind energy. It is envisaged that 15-20% of total electricity production in the future can stem for wind energy. There are several challenges related to such large scale integration of wind energy, especially connected to grid issues, effect and energy balances and energy markets issues. No publisher admin 2009-10-26T10:26:34Z Folder Sustainable bio-fuels http://www.toppforskningsinitiativet.org/en/programmer-1/program-5 Bio-energy can contribute to decreased reliance on fossil fuels, improved energy security and decreased CO2 emissions, and simultaneously provide new business and employment opportunities and be a driver in rural and regional development. No publisher admin 2009-10-26T10:26:43Z Folder CO2 – capture and storage http://www.toppforskningsinitiativet.org/en/programmer-1/program-6 The Nordic industry is involved in a number of CCS research and pilot projects. Coordination and dialog between various national players on the Nordic level is vital. Closer cooperation will strengthen region’s position as CCS expert in EU and globally. No publisher admin 2009-10-26T10:44:11Z Folder